Gazeta matematică 2022

Gazeta Matematică 1/2022

28247 (Florin Bojor)

Fie matricele $A,B\in {\mathcal {M}}_{3}(\mathbb {C} ),$ care verifică simultan condițiile:

1. $AB=BA;$
2. matricea $A$ este nilpotentă și matricea $B$ este inversabilă.
   Arătați că ecuația $AX+XA=B$ nu are soluții în ${\mathcal {M}}_{3}(\mathbb {C} )$.

28250 (Codruț-Sorin Zmicală)

Calculați

$$\lim _{n\to \infty }{\sqrt[{n}]{\int _{0}^{1}({\sqrt {x}}+x^{n}}})^{n}dx.$$

28251 (Gheorghe Boroica)

Fie $(n\geq 2)$ un număr natural și $f:[0,1]\longrightarrow \mathbb {R}$ o funcție continuă astfel încât $f(0)\geq 0$ și $\int _{0}^{1}e^{2f(x)}dx=1+{\frac {2}{n^{3}}}$.
a) Dați un exemplu de o funcție $f$ cu proprietățile din enunț.
b) Arătați că există $c\in [0,1]$ astfel încât $f(c)=c^{n^{3}-1}$.

Gazeta Matematică 2/2022

E:16203 (Dana Heuberger)

Fie triunghiul $BCD$ dreptunghic în $D$, cu $\sphericalangle CBD=90^{\circ }$. Se consideră punctul $M$ astfel încât semidreapta $CD$ este bisectoarea $\sphericalangle BCM$ și $MD\bot BC$. Fie punctul $L$ astfel încât $B$ se află pe segmentul $ML$ și $BM=2BL$. Notăm cu $F$ simetricul lui $D$ față de $B$. Arătați că

a) $MB=CF$

b) $\sphericalangle BDL=\sphericalangle BMD$

28260 (Dana Heuberger)

Fie triunghiul echilateral $ABC$ înscris în cercul de centru $O$ și rază $1$. Considerăm mulțimea ${\mathcal {M}}$ a punctelor $X$ din plan cu proprietatea că ${\overrightarrow {OX}}=k\cdot {\overrightarrow {OA}}+m\cdot {\overrightarrow {OB}}+n\cdot {\overrightarrow {OC}}$, unde $k,m,n\in N^{*}$. Arătați că oricare ar fi punctele distincte $M,N,P\in {\mathcal {M}}$ există $Q\in {\mathcal {M}}$ astfel încât vectorii ${\overrightarrow {MN}}$, ${\overrightarrow {PQ}}$ și ${\overrightarrow {NM}}+$ ${\overrightarrow {QP}}$ să formeze un triunghi echilateral.

Supliment

S:L22.58 (Vasile Giurgi)

Determinați $a\in \mathbb {R}$ pentru care ecuația

$${\frac {x^{\lg x}}{10^{a}}}+\lg ^{2}x=x+\lg x+a$$

are o soluție unică în $\mathbb {R}$.

Gazeta Matematică 3/2022

S:L22.108. (Nicolae Mușuroia)

Fie $A,B\in {\mathcal {M}}_{3}\left(\mathbb {R} \right)$ cu $AB=BA$, $A^{2}+B^{2}$ neinversabilă și $\det(A)=\alpha \cdot \det(B)\neq 0$, unde $\alpha \neq 1$. Arătați că

$${\frac {\det \left(A+B\right)}{\det \left(A+B\right)}}={\frac {\det(A)+\det(B)}{\det(A)-\det(B)}}.$$

Gazeta Matematică 4/2022

28315 (Vasile Pop și Nicolae Mușuroia)

Fie $P_{1}P_{2}\ldots P_{n}$ $(n\geq 3)$ un poligon regulat și $M$ un punct în interiorul poligonului. Notăm cu $M_{1}$, $M_{2},\ldots ,M_{n}$ simetricele punctului $M$ față de laturile poligonului. Arătați că, pentru orice alegere a punctului $M$, poligoanele $M_{1}$$M_{2}\ldots M_{n}$ au același centru de greutate.

Supliment

S:E22.136 (Cristina Vijdeluc, Mihai Vijdeluc)

Aflați numerele $n$, $p$ natuarale neule pentru care $2n^{2}=253\cdot \left(p!+2022\right)$, unde $p!=1\cdot 2\cdot 3\cdot \ldots \cdot p$.

Gazeta Matematică 5/2022

28338 (Nicolae Muşuroia)

Fie $M$ un punct în planul triunghiului $ABC$ iar $A_{1},B_{1},C_{1}$ simetricele punctului $M$ față de mijloacele laturilor $BC,AC,$ respectiv $AB$.

a) Arătați că dreptele $AA_{1},BB_{1},CC_{1}$ sunt concurente într-un punct $N$.

b) Arătați că punctele $M,G,N$ sunt coliniare și că ${\frac {MG}{GN}}$ $=2,$ unde $G$ este centrul de greutate al triunghiului $ABC$.

Gazeta Matematică 6-7-8/2022

28354 (Florin Bojor)

Fie $O$ punctul de intersecție a diagonalelor patrulaterului convex $ABCD$ și punctele $E$, $F$, $G$ și $H$ situate pe segmentele $OA$, $OB$, Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle OC} , respectiv Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle OD} , astfel încât Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle AE = BF = CG = DH} . Notăm cu Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle I} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle J} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle K} și Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle L} mijloacele segmentelor Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle AB} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle BC} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle CD} , respectiv Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle DA} și cu Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle N} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P} și Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle Q} mijloacele segmentelor Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle EF} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle FG} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle GH} , respectiv Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle HE} . Arătați că:

1. punctele Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle I} ,Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M} și Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle K} sunt coliniare dacă și numai dacă Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle AC=BD} .
2. Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle AC \not= BD} , punctele de intersecție ale dreptelor Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle IM} ,Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle NJ} ,Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle PK} și Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle LQ} sunt vârfurile unui dreptunghi.

Gazeta Matematică 9/2022

28405 (Dana Heuberger)

Fie triunghiul Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle ABC} înscris în cercul de centru Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle O} și rază Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle r} . Notăm cu Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle D} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle E} și Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F} mijloacele arcelor mici Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle BC} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle CA} , respectiv Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle AB} ale cercului, și cu Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle M} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle N} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle P} punctele de intersecție ale dreptelor Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle AF} și Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle CE} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle AF} și Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle BD} , respectiv Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle BD} și Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle CE} . Dacă Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vec{MA} + \vec{NB} + \vec{PC} = \vec{0} } și Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vec{ME} + \vec{NF} + \vec{PD} = \vec{0}, } arătați că triunghiul Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle ABC} este echilateral.

Gazeta Matematică 10/2022

E:16379 (Cristina Vijdeluc, Salonic şi Mihai Vijdeluc, Baia Mare)

Aflaţi numărul natural Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \overline{ab}} , cu cifre distincte, pentru care Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (\overline{ab} - \overline{ba}) : (a - b) = \overline{bb} \cdot \overline{ba} - 2015.}

E:16380 (Cristina Vijdeluc, Salonic şi Mihai Vijdeluc, Baia Mare)

Aflaţi numerele naturale Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a,b,c,d} pentru care are loc relaţia Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 2(3^{a + 1} + 3^{b + 1} + 3^{c + 1}) = 3 \cdot 6 \cdot 9 \cdot \ldots \cdot d.}

E:16382 (Cristina Vijdeluc și Mihai Vijdeluc)

Afișați numerele întregi pozitive Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \overline{abcd}} cu proprietatea Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a^7 + a^b + a^c + a^d = \overline{a000}.}

E:16393 (Cristina Vijdeluc și Mihai Vijdeluc)

Determinați numerele naturale nenule Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle n} pentru care numărul Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a(n) = \sqrt{(1 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 \cdots n)^5 + 145}} este natural.

E:16402 (Cristina Vijdeluc și Mihai Vijdeluc)

Fie Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle n \in \mathbb{N}^*} și numerele pozitive Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n} care verifică relația Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{1}{x_1} + \frac{1}{x_2} + \dots + \frac{1}{x_n} = \frac{n}{n+1}.}

Arătați că Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{1}{x_1 + 2} + \frac{1}{x_2 + 6} + \dots + \frac{1}{x_n + n(n+1)} \leq \frac{n}{2(n+1)}.}

28437 (Nicolae Mușuroaia)

Fie șirul Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (a_n)_{n \geq 1} } cu termenii strict pozitivi, dat de relația Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a_{n+1}=\ln(a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_n), n \geq 1. } Determinați $\lim _{n\to \infty }\left({\frac {a_{n+1}}{a_{n}}}-1\right)\cdot e^{a_{n}}.$

Gazeta Matematică 11/2022

E:16407 (Cristina Vijdeluc și Mihai Vijdeluc)

Aflați cifrele nenule $a$ și $b$ pentru care $a+10\cdot (a+b)^{3}={\overline {baba}}.$

28450 (Nicolae Mușuroia)

Fie $n\in$ ℕ, $n\geq 4$ și $p\in \{1,2,...,[n/2]\}.$ Considerăm mulțimile disjuncte $A=\{a_{1},a_{2},...,a_{n}\}$ și $B=\{b_{1},b_{2},...,b_{n}\}$, formate din primii $n$ termeni a două progresii aritmetice $(a_{k})_{k\geq 1}$ și $(b_{k})_{k\geq 1}$ cu rații opuse, nenule. Arătați că printre orice $n+p+1$ elemente distincte ale mulțimii $A\cup B$ există două a căror sumă este egală cu Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a_{2p} + b_p.}