14527

E:14527 (Cristina Vijdeluc şi Mihai Vijdeluc)

Pentru orice număr natural nenul Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle n} , notăm Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle n! = 1 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 \cdot \ldots \cdot n} și Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 0! = 1} .

a) Arătați că Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \left( n+1\right) \cdot \bigl(n+1\bigr) ! - n \cdot n ! = \left( n^2 + n + 1 \right) \cdot n ! }

b) Dacă Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A = \left( 60^2 + 60 + 1\right) \cdot 60 ! + \left( 59^2 + 59 + 1\right) \cdot 59! + \ldots + \left( 1^2 + 1 + 1\right) \cdot 1! + (0^2 + 0 + 1) \cdot 0!} , atunci Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A} se divide cu Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 2013^2} .

Soluție

a) Începem cu partea stângă a egalității Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \left( n+1\right) \cdot \left(n+1\right) ! - n \cdot n !}

Avem Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (n+ 1) ! = (n + 1) \cdot n! } , deci Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (n + 1) \cdot (n + 1) ! = (n + 1)^2 \cdot n!} . Atunci, membrul din partea stângă a egalității devine Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \left( n+1 \right)^2 \cdot n! - n\cdot n! = n! \cdot \left( n^2 + 2n +1 - n\right) = \left(n^2 +n+1 \right) \cdot n!} .

b) Folosind egalitatea de la a), se obține Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \begin{align} A & = \left( 60^2 + 60 + 1\right) \cdot 60 ! + \left( 59^2 + 59 + 1\right) \cdot 59! + \ldots + \left( 1^2 + 1 + 1\right) \cdot 1! + (0^2 + 0 + 1) \cdot 0! \\ & = 61! \cdot 61 - 60! \cdot 60 + 60!\cdot 60 - 59!\cdot 59 + \ldots + 2!\cdot 2 - 1! \cdot1 + 1! \cdot 1 - 0! \cdot 0 \\ & = 61! \cdot 61 \end{align}} Pe de altă parte, avem Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 2013^2 = 3^2 \cdot 11^2 \cdot 61^2 } .

Cum produsul Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A = 61! \cdot 61} conține ca factori pe Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 3^2} , pe Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 11^2} , respectiv pe Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 61^2} , se deduce că Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A} se divide cu Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 2013^2} .