28206

28206 (Dana Heuberger)

Fie Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \left(G,\cdot\right)} un grup cu elementul neutru Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle e} care conține subgrupurile proprii, distincte, finite Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle H_1} , $H_{2}$ și $H_{3}$, astfel încât pentru orice permutare $\sigma \in S_{3}$ și orice $a\in H_{\sigma \left(1\right)}\setminus \left\{e\right\}$, $b\in H_{\sigma \left(2\right)}\setminus \left\{e\right\}$, rezultă că $ab\in H_{\sigma \left(3\right)}$.

1. Arătați că subgrupurile $H_{1}$, $H_{2}$ și $H_{3}$ au același număr de elemente.
2. Dacă $G=H_{1}\cup H_{2}\cup H_{3}$, arătați că grupul $G$ este de tip Klein.

Soluție.

a) Pentru orice subgrup $H$ a lui $G$, notăm $H^{\ast }=H\setminus \left\{e\right\}$.

Arătăm mai întâi că $H_{1}\cap H_{2}\cap H_{3}=\left\{e\right\}$.

Presupunem că există $a\in H_{1}\cap H_{2}\cap H_{3}$, cu $a\neq e$. Din ipoteză, rezultă că $H_{1}^{\ast }\cdot H_{2}^{\ast }\subset H_{3}$, deci Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle H_1^\ast \cdot H_2^\ast \cdot H_3^\ast \subset H_3 \cdot H_3^\ast = H_3} . Cum Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a\in H_2^\ast} și Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a^{-1} \in H_3^\ast} , rezută că Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle e = a \cdot a^{-1} \in H_2^\ast \cdot H_3^\ast } , deci Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle H_1^\ast \subset H_1^\ast \cdot H_2^\ast \cdot H_3^\ast \subset H_3} , așadar Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle H_1^\ast \subset H_3 } , adică Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle H_1 \subset H_3 } Dacă