S:L22.108

S:L22.108. (Nicolae Mușuroia)

Fie Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A, B \in \mathcal{M}_3 \left( \mathbb{R}\right)} cu $AB=BA$, $A^{2}+B^{2}$ neinversabilă și $\det(A)=\alpha \cdot \det(B)\neq 0$, unde $\alpha \neq 1$. Arătați că

$${\frac {\det \left(A+B\right)}{\det \left(A+B\right)}}={\frac {\det(A)+\det(B)}{\det(A)-\det(B)}}.$$

Soluție.

Ipotezele $\det(A^{2}+B^{2})=0$ și $AB=BA$, cu $A,B\in {\mathcal {M}}_{3}\left(\mathbb {R} \right)$, implică

$$\det \left(A+iB\right)\cdot \det \left(A-iB\right)=0$$

Fie polinomul $f=\det \left(A+X\cdot B\right)\in \mathbb {R} \left[X\right]$. Atunci, există $m,n\in \mathbb {R}$ pentru care

$$f\left(x\right)=\det \left(B\right)\cdot x^{3}+mx^{2}+nx+\det(A),\forall x\in \mathbb {C} .$$

Cum $f\left(i\right)\cdot f\left(-i\right)=0$, avem $f\left(i\right)=f\left(-i\right)=0$, deci $x_{1}=i$ și $x_{2}=-i$ sunt rădăcini ale polinomului $f$.

Dacă $x_{1},x_{2},x_{3}\in \mathbb {C}$ sunt rădăcinile polinomului $f$, atunci din relațiile lui Viete avem

$$x_{1}x_{2}x_{3}=-{\frac {\det(A)}{\det(B)}}=-\alpha .$$

Se obține $x_{3}=-\alpha$, ceea ce implicăFailed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f = \det(B) \cdot \left(X^2 + 1 \right) \cdot \left( X + \alpha \right).} AtunciFailed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f\left( 1 \right) = \det \left( A + B \right) = 2\left( \alpha +1 \right) \cdot \det(B)} șiFailed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f\left( -1 \right) = \det \left( A - B \right) = 2\left( \alpha - 1 \right) \cdot \det(B).} AvemFailed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{\det \left(A+B\right)}{\det \left(A+B\right)} = \frac{\alpha +1}{\alpha -1} = \frac{\frac{\det(A)}{\det(B)}+1}{\frac{\det(A)}{\det(B)}-1} = \frac{\det(A) + \det(B)}{\det(A)-\det(B)}. }