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	<id>https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=28206</id>
	<title>28206 - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=28206"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-05-01T04:00:45Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.42.1</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10502&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Andrei.Horvat at 11:01, 3 January 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10502&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-01-03T11:01:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:01, 3 January 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l21&quot;&gt;Line 21:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 21:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;b) Fie &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; i,j \in \{1,2,\ldots,n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_i, a_j \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;b) Fie &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; i,j \in \{1,2,\ldots,n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_i, a_j \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3^\ast = \{ &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a_ib_1&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a_b_2&lt;/del&gt;, \ldots, a_ib_n \} = \{ a_j^{-1}b_1, a_j^{-1}b_2, \ldots , a_j^{-1}b_n \}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;s,t \in \{1,2, \ldots, n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; pentru care &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_ib_s = a_j^{-1}b_t&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_ja_i = b_tb_s^{-1} \in H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = \{e\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, astfel că pentru orice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; i,j \in \{1,2,\ldots,n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; avem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_ja_i = e&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. În consecință, subgrupurile &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; pot avea câte două sau câte trei elemente. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; |H_1| = |H_2| = |H_3| = 3 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G = H_1 \cup H_2 \cup H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are șapte elemente, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;| H_1 | &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; nu divide &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;. | G | &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, contradicție. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{e,a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2 = \{e,b\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3 = \{e,c\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 = b^2 = c^2 = e&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci grupul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; G = \{e,a,b,c\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este de [[wikipedia:Klein_four-group|tip Klein]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3^\ast = &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\left&lt;/ins&gt;\{ &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a_i b_1&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a_ib_2&lt;/ins&gt;, \ldots, a_ib_n \} = \{ a_j^{-1}b_1, a_j^{-1}b_2, \ldots , a_j^{-1}b_n &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\right&lt;/ins&gt;\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;s,t \in \{1,2, \ldots, n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; pentru care &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_ib_s = a_j^{-1}b_t&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_ja_i = b_tb_s^{-1} \in H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = \{e\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, astfel că pentru orice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; i,j \in \{1,2,\ldots,n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; avem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_ja_i = e&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. În consecință, subgrupurile &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; pot avea câte două sau câte trei elemente. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; |H_1| = |H_2| = |H_3| = 3 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G = H_1 \cup H_2 \cup H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are șapte elemente, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;| H_1 | &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; nu divide &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;. | G | &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, contradicție. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{e,a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2 = \{e,b\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3 = \{e,c\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 = b^2 = c^2 = e&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci grupul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; G = \{e,a,b,c\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este de [[wikipedia:Klein_four-group|tip Klein]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Andrei.Horvat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10501&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Andrei.Horvat at 10:59, 3 January 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10501&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-01-03T10:59:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:59, 3 January 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l21&quot;&gt;Line 21:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 21:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;b) Fie &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; i,j \in \{1,2,\ldots,n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_i, a_j \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;b) Fie &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; i,j \in \{1,2,\ldots,n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_i, a_j \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3^\ast = \{a_ib_1, a_b_2, \&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dots&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a_ibn&lt;/del&gt;\} = \{a_j^{-1}b_1, a_j^{-1}b_2, \ldots,a_j^{-1}b_n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;s,t \in \{1,2, \ldots, n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; pentru care &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_ib_s = a_j^{-1}b_t&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_ja_i = b_tb_s^{-1} \in H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = \{e\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, astfel că pentru orice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; i,j \in \{1,2,\ldots,n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; avem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_ja_i = e&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. În consecință, subgrupurile &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; pot avea câte două sau câte trei elemente. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; |H_1| = |H_2| = |H_3| = 3 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G = H_1 \cup H_2 \cup H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are șapte elemente, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;| H_1 | &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; nu divide &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;. | G | &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, contradicție. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{e,a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2 = \{e,b\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3 = \{e,c\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 = b^2 = c^2 = e&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci grupul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; G = \{e,a,b,c\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este de tip Klein.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3^\ast = \{ a_ib_1, a_b_2, \&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ldots&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a_ib_n &lt;/ins&gt;\} = \{ a_j^{-1}b_1, a_j^{-1}b_2, \ldots , a_j^{-1}b_n \}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;s,t \in \{1,2, \ldots, n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; pentru care &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_ib_s = a_j^{-1}b_t&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_ja_i = b_tb_s^{-1} \in H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = \{e\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, astfel că pentru orice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; i,j \in \{1,2,\ldots,n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; avem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_ja_i = e&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. În consecință, subgrupurile &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; pot avea câte două sau câte trei elemente. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; |H_1| = |H_2| = |H_3| = 3 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G = H_1 \cup H_2 \cup H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are șapte elemente, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;| H_1 | &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; nu divide &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;. | G | &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, contradicție. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{e,a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2 = \{e,b\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3 = \{e,c\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 = b^2 = c^2 = e&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci grupul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; G = \{e,a,b,c\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este de &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[wikipedia:Klein_four-group|&lt;/ins&gt;tip Klein&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Andrei.Horvat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10500&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Andrei.Horvat at 10:57, 3 January 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10500&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-01-03T10:57:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:57, 3 January 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l19&quot;&gt;Line 19:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 19:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Presupunem că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_1 \cap H_2 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a \ne e &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, alegem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; x \in H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1} \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_2^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1}a = x \in H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Subgrupul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; generat de &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \{a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este un grup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Deoarece ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este cel puțin &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și trebuie să dividă ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este subgrup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este inclus în &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, fals. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; nu poate avea cel puțin trei elemente. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{e,a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, pentru că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \ne H_1 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, și, ca mai înainte, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, fals. În consecință, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = \{e\} &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. La fel se arată că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Fie &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_1| = m&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_2| = n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_3| = p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_m\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2 = \{b_1, b_2, \ldots, b_n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3 = \{c_1, c_2, \ldots, c_p\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum elementele distincte &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_1b_1, a_2b_1, \ldots, a_mb_1 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; aparțin mulțimii &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; p \le m &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; m = p &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Analog se arată că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; m = n &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; m = n = p &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; |H_1| = |H_2| = |H_3| = n+1 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Presupunem că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_1 \cap H_2 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a \ne e &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, alegem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; x \in H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1} \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_2^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1}a = x \in H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Subgrupul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; generat de &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \{a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este un grup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Deoarece ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este cel puțin &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și trebuie să dividă ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este subgrup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este inclus în &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, fals. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; nu poate avea cel puțin trei elemente. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{e,a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, pentru că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \ne H_1 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, și, ca mai înainte, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, fals. În consecință, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = \{e\} &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. La fel se arată că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Fie &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_1| = m&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_2| = n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_3| = p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_m\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2 = \{b_1, b_2, \ldots, b_n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3 = \{c_1, c_2, \ldots, c_p\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum elementele distincte &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_1b_1, a_2b_1, \ldots, a_mb_1 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; aparțin mulțimii &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; p \le m &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; m = p &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Analog se arată că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; m = n &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; m = n = p &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; |H_1| = |H_2| = |H_3| = n+1 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;b) Fie&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;b) Fie &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt; i,j \in \{1,2,\ldots,n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_i, a_j \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3^\ast = \{a_ib_1, a_b_2, \dots, a_ibn\} = \{a_j^{-1}b_1, a_j^{-1}b_2, \ldots,a_j^{-1}b_n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;s,t \in \{1,2, \ldots, n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; pentru care &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_ib_s = a_j^{-1}b_t&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_ja_i = b_tb_s^{-1} \in H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = \{e\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, astfel că pentru orice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; i,j \in \{1,2,\ldots,n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; avem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_ja_i = e&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. În consecință, subgrupurile &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; pot avea câte două sau câte trei elemente. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; |H_1| = |H_2| = |H_3| = 3 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G = H_1 \cup H_2 \cup H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are șapte elemente, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;| H_1 | &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; nu divide &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;. | G | &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, contradicție. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{e,a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2 = \{e,b\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3 = \{e,c\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 = b^2 = c^2 = e&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci grupul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; G = \{e,a,b,c\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este de tip Klein.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Andrei.Horvat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10499&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Andrei.Horvat at 10:44, 3 January 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10499&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-01-03T10:44:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:44, 3 January 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l17&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arătăm, mai departe, că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arătăm, mai departe, că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Presupunem că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_1 \cap H_2 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a \ne e &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, alegem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; x \in H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1} \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_2^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1}a = x \in H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Subgrupul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; generat de &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \{a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este un grup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Deoarece ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este cel puțin &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și trebuie să dividă ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este subgrup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este inclus în &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, fals. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; nu poate avea cel puțin trei elemente. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{e,a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, pentru că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \ne H_1 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, și, ca mai înainte, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, fals. În consecință, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = \{e\} &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. La fel se arată că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Fie &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_1| = m&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_2| = n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_3| = p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_m\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2 = \{b_1, b_2, \ldots, b_n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3 = \{c_1, c_2, \ldots, c_p\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum elementele distincte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Presupunem că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_1 \cap H_2 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a \ne e &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, alegem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; x \in H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1} \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_2^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1}a = x \in H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Subgrupul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; generat de &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \{a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este un grup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Deoarece ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este cel puțin &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și trebuie să dividă ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este subgrup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este inclus în &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, fals. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; nu poate avea cel puțin trei elemente. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{e,a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, pentru că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \ne H_1 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, și, ca mai înainte, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, fals. În consecință, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = \{e\} &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. La fel se arată că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Fie &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_1| = m&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_2| = n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_3| = p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_m\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2 = \{b_1, b_2, \ldots, b_n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3 = \{c_1, c_2, \ldots, c_p\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum elementele distincte &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a_1b_1, a_2b_1, \ldots, a_mb_1 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; aparțin mulțimii &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; p \le m &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; m = p &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Analog se arată că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; m = n &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; m = n = p &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; |H_1| = |H_2| = |H_3| = n+1 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;b) Fie&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Andrei.Horvat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10498&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Andrei.Horvat at 10:40, 3 January 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10498&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-01-03T10:40:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:40, 3 January 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l17&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arătăm, mai departe, că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arătăm, mai departe, că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Presupunem că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_1 \cap H_2 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a \ne e &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, alegem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; x \in H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1} \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_2^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1}a = x \in H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Subgrupul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; generat de &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \{a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este un grup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Deoarece ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este cel puțin &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și trebuie să dividă ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este subgrup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este inclus în &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, fals. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; nu poate avea cel puțin trei elemente. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{e,a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, pentru că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \ne H_1 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, și, ca mai înainte, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, fals. În consecință, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = \{e\} &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. La fel se arată că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Fie &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_1| = m&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_2| = n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_3| = p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_m\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Presupunem că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_1 \cap H_2 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a \ne e &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, alegem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; x \in H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1} \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_2^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1}a = x \in H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Subgrupul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; generat de &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \{a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este un grup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Deoarece ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este cel puțin &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și trebuie să dividă ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este subgrup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este inclus în &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, fals. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; nu poate avea cel puțin trei elemente. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{e,a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, pentru că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \ne H_1 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, și, ca mai înainte, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, fals. În consecință, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = \{e\} &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. La fel se arată că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Fie &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_1| = m&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_2| = n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_3| = p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_m\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2 = \{b_1, b_2, \ldots, b_n\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3 = \{c_1, c_2, \ldots, c_p\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum elementele distincte&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Andrei.Horvat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10497&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Andrei.Horvat at 10:37, 3 January 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10497&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-01-03T10:37:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:37, 3 January 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l17&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arătăm, mai departe, că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arătăm, mai departe, că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Presupunem că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_1 \cap H_2 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a \ne e &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, alegem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; x \in H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1} \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_2^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1}a = x \in H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Subgrupul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; generat de &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \{a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este un grup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Deoarece ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este cel puțin &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și trebuie să dividă ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este subgrup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este inclus în &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, fals. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; nu poate avea cel puțin trei elemente. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{e,a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, pentru că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \ne H_1 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, și, ca mai înainte, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Presupunem că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_1 \cap H_2 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a \ne e &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, alegem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; x \in H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1} \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_2^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1}a = x \in H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Subgrupul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; generat de &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \{a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este un grup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Deoarece ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este cel puțin &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și trebuie să dividă ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este subgrup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este inclus în &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, fals. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; nu poate avea cel puțin trei elemente. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{e,a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, pentru că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \ne H_1 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, și, ca mai înainte, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, fals. În consecință, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = \{e\} &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. La fel se arată că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Fie &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_1| = m&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_2| = n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|H_3| = p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_m\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Andrei.Horvat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10496&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Andrei.Horvat at 10:24, 3 January 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10496&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-01-03T10:24:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:24, 3 January 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l17&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arătăm, mai departe, că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arătăm, mai departe, că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Presupunem că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_1 \cap H_2 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a \ne e &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, alegem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; x \in H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1} \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_2^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1}a = x \in H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Subgrupul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; generat de &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \{a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este un grup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Deoarece ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este cel puțin &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și trebuie să dividă ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este subgrup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este inclus în &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, fals. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; nu poate avea cel puțin trei elemente. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{e,a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, pentru că&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Presupunem că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_1 \cap H_2 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a \ne e &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, alegem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; x \in H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1} \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_2^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1}a = x \in H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Subgrupul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; generat de &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \{a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este un grup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Deoarece ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este cel puțin &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și trebuie să dividă ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este subgrup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este inclus în &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, fals. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; nu poate avea cel puțin trei elemente. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{e,a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, pentru că &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \ne H_1 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, și, ca mai înainte, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_2 \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Andrei.Horvat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10495&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Andrei.Horvat at 10:21, 3 January 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10495&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-01-03T10:21:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:21, 3 January 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l17&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arătăm, mai departe, că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arătăm, mai departe, că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Presupunem că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_1 \cap H_2 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a \ne e &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, alegem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; x \in H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1} \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_2^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1}a = x \in H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Subgrupul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; generat de &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \{a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este un grup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Deoarece ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este cel puțin &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și trebuie să dividă ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este subgrup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este inclus în &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Presupunem că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_1 \cap H_2 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a \ne e &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, alegem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; x \in H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1} \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_2^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1}a = x \in H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Subgrupul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; generat de &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \{a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este un grup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Deoarece ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este cel puțin &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și trebuie să dividă ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este subgrup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este inclus în &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, fals. Așadar, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; nu poate avea cel puțin trei elemente. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 = \{e,a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, pentru că&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Andrei.Horvat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10494&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Andrei.Horvat at 10:19, 3 January 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10494&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-01-03T10:19:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:19, 3 January 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l17&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arătăm, mai departe, că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arătăm, mai departe, că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Presupunem că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_1 \cap H_2 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a \ne e &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, alegem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; x \in H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1} \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_2^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1}a = x \in H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Subgrupul&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Presupunem că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_1 \cap H_2 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a \ne e &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, alegem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; x \in H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1} \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_2^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1}a = x \in H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Subgrupul &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; generat de &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \{a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este un grup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Deoarece ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este cel puțin &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și trebuie să dividă ordinul lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este subgrup al lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\langle H_1 \setminus \{a\}\rangle = H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este inclus în &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\in H_1 \cap H_2 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Andrei.Horvat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10493&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Andrei.Horvat at 10:13, 3 January 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=28206&amp;diff=10493&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-01-03T10:13:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:13, 3 January 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l17&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arătăm, mai departe, că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arătăm, mai departe, că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \cap H_2 = H_2 \cap H_3 = H_1 \cap H_3 = \left\{e\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Presupunem că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_1 \cap H_2 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a \ne e &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, alegem&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Presupunem că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_1 \cap H_2 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a \ne e &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; H_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are cel puțin trei elemente, alegem &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt; x \in H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1} \in H_1^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in H_2^\ast&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, rezultă că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;xa^{-1}a = x \in H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{e,a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, așadar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;H_1 \setminus \left\{a\right\} \subset H_3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Subgrupul&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Andrei.Horvat</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>