<?xml version="1.0"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en">
	<id>https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=27795</id>
	<title>27795 - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=27795"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=27795&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-05-01T12:34:49Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.42.1</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=27795&amp;diff=9484&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Andrei.Horvat at 10:13, 16 January 2024</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=27795&amp;diff=9484&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-01-16T10:13:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:13, 16 January 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;S:&lt;/del&gt;27795 (Adrian Boroica și Florin Bojor)&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;27795 (Adrian Boroica și Florin Bojor)&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fie&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;un număr natural care nu este multiplu de &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; un grup necomutativ de ordin &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Să se demonstreze că există două automorfisme ale lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; care au aceleași puncte fixe.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fie&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;un număr natural care nu este multiplu de &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; un grup necomutativ de ordin &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Să se demonstreze că există două automorfisme ale lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; care au aceleași puncte fixe.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l5&quot;&gt;Line 5:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 5:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Soluție:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Soluție:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pentru orice &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, funcția&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039; &lt;/del&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a : G \rightarrow G, f_a(x) = axa^{-1} &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;este un automorfism. Un element &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0 \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; este punct fix al automorfismului &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; dacă și numai dacă &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a(x_0)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;, echivalent cu &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0a = ax_0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; sau, cu alte cuvinte, cu &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0 \in C(a)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; (centralizatorul lui a).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pentru orice &lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;, funcția &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a : G \rightarrow G, f_a(x) = axa^{-1} &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;este un automorfism. Un element &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0 \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; este punct fix al automorfismului &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; dacă și numai dacă &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a(x_0)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;, echivalent cu &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0a = ax_0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; sau, cu alte cuvinte, cu &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0 \in C(a)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; (centralizatorul lui a).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;În particular, deoarece &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;C(a) = C(a^{-1})&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, pentru orice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, automorfismele &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;În particular, deoarece &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;C(a) = C(a^{-1})&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, pentru orice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, automorfismele &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și au aceleași puncte fixe, deci este suficient să arătăm că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; astfe încât &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a \&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;neq &lt;/del&gt;f_{a^{-1}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_{a^{-1}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;au aceleași puncte fixe, deci este suficient să arătăm că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; astfe încât &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a \&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ne &lt;/ins&gt;f_{a^{-1}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\neq &lt;/del&gt;f_{a^{-1}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci, pentru orice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; avem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;axa^{-1} = a^{-1}xa&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, adică &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2x = xa^2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, ceea ce revine la &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; pentru orice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z(G) \neq G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, vom demonstra că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in G \backslash Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; astfel încât &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 \notin Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Să observăm că dacă ordinul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; al unui element &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in G \backslash Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este număr impar, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 \neq Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deoarece, presupunând contrariul, din &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^p = e \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, ar rezulta că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^{(2, p)} \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, adică &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, contradicție. Așadar, este suficient să arătăm că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G \backslash Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; conține cel puțin un element de ordin impar.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;= &lt;/ins&gt;f_{a^{-1}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci, pentru orice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; avem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;axa^{-1} = a^{-1}xa&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, adică &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2x = xa^2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, ceea ce revine la &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; pentru orice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z(G) \neq G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, vom demonstra că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in G \backslash Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; astfel încât &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 \notin Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Să observăm că dacă ordinul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; al unui element &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in G \backslash Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este număr impar, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 \neq Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deoarece, presupunând contrariul, din &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^p = e \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, ar rezulta că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^{(2, p)} \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, adică &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, contradicție. Așadar, este suficient să arătăm că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G \backslash Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; conține cel puțin un element de ordin impar.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|G|&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este număr impar, atunci orice element din &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, implicit și din &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G \backslash Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, are ordin impar. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|G|&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este număr par, atunci&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|G| =4n +2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n \in \N^*&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Notând &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A = \{x \in G | x^{2n+1} = e\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, se știe că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|A| = 2n +1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Elementele lui A au ordin impar și, cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este necomutativ, avem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|Z(G)| \leq   \frac{1}{4} |G| &amp;lt; |A|&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci eistă elemente de ordin impar care nu aparțin lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|G|&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este număr impar, atunci orice element din &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, implicit și din &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G \backslash Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, are ordin impar. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|G|&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este număr par, atunci&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|G| =4n +2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n \in \N^*&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Notând &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A = \{x \in G | x^{2n+1} = e\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, se știe că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|A| = 2n +1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Elementele lui A au ordin impar și, cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este necomutativ, avem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|Z(G)| \leq   \frac{1}{4} |G| &amp;lt; |A|&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci eistă elemente de ordin impar care nu aparțin lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Andrei.Horvat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=27795&amp;diff=9483&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Andrei.Horvat at 10:06, 16 January 2024</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=27795&amp;diff=9483&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-01-16T10:06:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:06, 16 January 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;S:27795 (Adrian Boroica și Florin Bojor)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;S:27795 (Adrian Boroica și Florin Bojor)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;Fie n un număr natural care nu este multiplu de 4 și G un grup necomutativ de ordin n. Să se demonstreze că există două automorfisme ale lui G care au aceleași puncte fixe.&#039;&#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;Fie&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;n&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;un număr natural care nu este multiplu de &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;4&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;și &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;G&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;un grup necomutativ de ordin &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;n&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;. Să se demonstreze că există două automorfisme ale lui &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;G&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;care au aceleași puncte fixe.&#039;&#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Soluție:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Soluție:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;Pentru orice &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Є &lt;/del&gt;G&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;, funcția&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a : G \rightarrow G, f_a(x) = axa^{-1} &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;este un automorfism. Un element &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0 \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; este punct fix al automorfismului &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; dacă și numai dacă &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a(x_0)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;, echivalent cu &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0a = ax_0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; sau, cu alte cuvinte, cu &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0 \in C(a)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; (centralizatorul lui a).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;Pentru orice &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\in &lt;/ins&gt;G&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;, funcția&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a : G \rightarrow G, f_a(x) = axa^{-1} &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;este un automorfism. Un element &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0 \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; este punct fix al automorfismului &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; dacă și numai dacă &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a(x_0)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;, echivalent cu &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0a = ax_0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; sau, cu alte cuvinte, cu &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0 \in C(a)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; (centralizatorul lui a).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;În particular, deoarece &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;C(a) = C(a^{-1})&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, pentru orice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, automorfismele &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;În particular, deoarece &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;C(a) = C(a^{-1})&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, pentru orice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, automorfismele &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Andrei.Horvat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=27795&amp;diff=9482&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Natanael Balogh: Pagină nouă: &#039;&#039;&#039;S:27795 (Adrian Boroica și Florin Bojor)&#039;&#039;&#039;  &#039;&#039;Fie n un număr natural care nu este multiplu de 4 și G un grup necomutativ de ordin n. Să se demonstreze că există două automorfisme ale lui G care au aceleași puncte fixe.&#039;&#039;  &#039;&#039;&#039;Soluție:&#039;&#039;&#039;  &#039;&#039;Pentru orice &#039;&#039;&#039;a Є G&#039;&#039;&#039;, funcția&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;math&gt;f_a : G \rightarrow G, f_a(x) = axa^{-1} &lt;/math&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;este un automorfism. Un element &#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;math&gt;x_0 \in G&lt;/math&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; este punct fix al automorfismului &lt;math&gt;f_a&lt;/math&gt; dacă și numai d...</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.universitas.ro/index.php?title=27795&amp;diff=9482&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-01-16T09:32:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Pagină nouă: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;S:27795 (Adrian Boroica și Florin Bojor)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fie n un număr natural care nu este multiplu de 4 și G un grup necomutativ de ordin n. Să se demonstreze că există două automorfisme ale lui G care au aceleași puncte fixe.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Soluție:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Pentru orice &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;a Є G&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, funcția&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a : G \rightarrow G, f_a(x) = axa^{-1} &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;este un automorfism. Un element &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0 \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; este punct fix al automorfismului &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; dacă și numai d...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;S:27795 (Adrian Boroica și Florin Bojor)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fie n un număr natural care nu este multiplu de 4 și G un grup necomutativ de ordin n. Să se demonstreze că există două automorfisme ale lui G care au aceleași puncte fixe.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Soluție:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Pentru orice &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;a Є G&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, funcția&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a : G \rightarrow G, f_a(x) = axa^{-1} &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;este un automorfism. Un element &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0 \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; este punct fix al automorfismului &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; dacă și numai dacă &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a(x_0)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, echivalent cu &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0a = ax_0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; sau, cu alte cuvinte, cu &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0 \in C(a)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (centralizatorul lui a).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
În particular, deoarece &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;C(a) = C(a^{-1})&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, pentru orice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, automorfismele &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și au aceleași puncte fixe, deci este suficient să arătăm că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; astfe încât &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a \neq f_{a^{-1}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_a \neq f_{a^{-1}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, atunci, pentru orice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x \in G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; avem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;axa^{-1} = a^{-1}xa&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, adică &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2x = xa^2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, ceea ce revine la &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; pentru orice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, iar &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z(G) \neq G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, vom demonstra că există &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in G \backslash Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; astfel încât &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 \notin Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Să observăm că dacă ordinul &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; al unui element &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in G \backslash Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este număr impar, atunci &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 \neq Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deoarece, presupunând contrariul, din &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^2 \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; și &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^p = e \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, ar rezulta că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a^{(2, p)} \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, adică &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a \in Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, contradicție. Așadar, este suficient să arătăm că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G \backslash Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; conține cel puțin un element de ordin impar. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|G|&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este număr impar, atunci orice element din &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, implicit și din &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G \backslash Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, are ordin impar. Dacă &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|G|&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este număr par, atunci&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|G| =4n +2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, cu &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n \in \N^*&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Notând &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A = \{x \in G | x^{2n+1} = e\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, se știe că &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|A| = 2n +1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Elementele lui A au ordin impar și, cum &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;G&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; este necomutativ, avem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|Z(G)| \leq   \frac{1}{4} |G| &amp;lt; |A|&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, deci eistă elemente de ordin impar care nu aparțin lui &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z(G)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Natanael Balogh</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>